John Bergmayer

Allow sideloading. Apple doesn’t allow “sideloading” — that is, installing apps on a device without going through the app store — at all on its iOS devices. (The exceptions are enterprise certificates, mentioned above, and developers can install apps that they have compiled themselves using Xcode on a Mac.) Sideloading also implies that users can install third-party app stores, which are just apps that install other apps — neither Apple nor Google, for example, allow third-party app stores in their own app stores at all. Devices running Android do allow sideloading, though the feature is off by default. [...] Apple’s Mac platform, however, points to a better approach than either iOS or Android currently follows — users should be able to sideload apps, but it should be significantly easier to sideloaded apps that are cryptographically signed by developers. The signing requirement does not mean that signed apps get the same level of vetting as app store apps, but it does mean that malicious apps can be remotely disabled if they become known. [...] Another approach would be to allow multiple entities to issue developer certificates instead of just the platform owner. [...] To be clear, sideloading (like web apps) simply creates a release valve of sorts — it does not by itself solve every competition issue with app stores. But it does ensure that no single company is an unavoidable gatekeeper for what apps a user might put on her phone. (2019) source Unverified