Comment by Bruna Avellar

A core challenge in enforcing export controls on advanced AI chips is verifying that these items remain in their authorized destinations after export. Once chips leave the exporter’s direct control, they can be resold, transferred, or integrated into larger clusters. [...] The most effective option is to adopt a layered verification framework. For instance, delay-based location verification could serve as a continuous first line of detection, with remote inspections or auditor-directed walkthroughs providing periodic corroboration, and on-site inspections reserved for high-risk exports or cases where anomalies arise.