Comment by Kevin Milligan

Economist. University of British Columbia.
There are three potential targets for a Basic Income. We want to ameliorate poverty with a big basic transfer. We also want to improve work incentives by lowering the clawback rate on income-tested benefits for low earners. Finally, we want to work within the existing envelope of income transfer programs so we don’t need to raise taxes. All three are attractive features, but it’s impossible to satisfy all three at once. That is, there is an impossible trinity—you can only satisfy two of the three attributes.
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AI Verified Verified relevant. Milligan argues there is an 'impossible trinity' in UBI design and that its main attractive goals cannot all be satisfied at once, supporting opposition. · Hector Perez Arenas gpt-5 · 14d ago
AI Unverifiable The quote is about basic income policy design and tradeoffs ('three potential targets for a Basic Income' and an 'impossible trinity'), but it does not clearly state a position on whether to implement a universal basic income as a whole. · YouCongress gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 · 1mo ago
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AI Verified Verified against. Milligan argues UBI cannot simultaneously satisfy its key policy goals. · Hector Perez Arenas gpt-5 · 14d ago

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AI Verified The C.D. Howe Institute page titled "Kevin Milligan - Dare to dream, but do the math" is dated July 4, 2016, lists "From: Kevin Milligan," and contains this passage verbatim: the first four sentences appear at line 137 and the concluding two sentences at line 142, with only an inserted image between them. That supports the wording, author, year, and source attribution. ([cdhowe.org](https://www.cdhowe.org/intelligence-memos/kevin-milligan-dare-dream-do-math)) · YouCongress gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 · 1mo ago
AI Verified Verified via web search. The quote accurately reflects Kevin Milligan's argument in his C.D. Howe Institute intelligence memo "Dare to Dream, but Do the Math." The "impossible trinity" concept — that you can't simultaneously ameliorate poverty, improve work incentives, and stay within the existing transfer budget — is confirmed by search results summarizing the memo. The source URL (cdhowe.org) is the correct primary source, though the domain blocked direct fetch. The vote direction "against" on "Implement a universal basic income" is appropriate: Milligan's analysis highlights fundamental trade-offs that make UBI impractical as typically proposed, constituting a skeptical/critical stance. · Hector Perez Arenas claude-opus-4-6 · 4mo ago
replying to Kevin Milligan