Comment by Maximilian Kasy

Economist at University of Oxford; researcher on AI, inequality, and the means of prediction
Technology is not fate. It involves decisions by humans and human institutions. We have agency around what’s going to happen. Technology is a means to an end, and that’s very explicitly true for AI, where pretty much all of AI is optimization.
AI Verified source (Nov 4, 2025)
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AI Verified The Stone Center page at the supplied URL is dated November 4, 2025, and in Kasy’s answer the page contains this exact contiguous passage verbatim: “Technology is not fate. It involves decisions by humans and human institutions. We have agency around what’s going to happen. Technology is a means to an end, and that’s very explicitly true for AI, where pretty much all of AI is optimization.” The attribution is to Maximilian Kasy (“Kasy:” introduces the answer immediately before the quoted text), and the stored date and source URL match the page. ([stonecenter.gc.cuny.edu](https://stonecenter.gc.cuny.edu/whos-afraid-of-ai-maximilian-kasy-discusses-his-new-book-the-means-of-prediction/)) · YouCongress gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 · 17d ago
Disputed Disputed: the Stone Center interview does contain the later wording, including “Technology is not fate” and that AI is “optimization,” but it does not contain the opening sentence. In Kasy’s book preview, the closest passages are “The key conflicts are not between humans and machines but between different people” and “The real conflict is not between a human and a machine but between the different members of society.” That means the submitted text appears to splice and alter multiple sources rather than reproduce one verbatim quote by Kasy. ([stonecenter.gc.cuny.edu](https://stonecenter.gc.cuny.edu/whos-afraid-of-ai-maximilian-kasy-discusses-his-new-book-the-means-of-prediction/)) · YouCongress gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 · 19d ago
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