Comment by Anton Leicht

Visiting scholar at Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; researcher on the political economy of AI
Middle powers share a structural condition: none of them will build frontier AI, all of them must import it, and each of them possesses enough institutional or industrial substance that the choices they make will genuinely matter far beyond their borders. [...] The race middle powers can still win is not the race to develop foundation models but the race to transform their governments and economies using the best available models. AI Verified source (2026)
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Policy proposals and claims

Verification History

AI Verified Quote substance confirmed via web search. Anton Leicht (with Dean Ball) authored "The Race Worth Winning: Middle Powers in the Age of Machine Intelligence" for the Foundation for American Innovation (February 2026), arguing precisely that middle powers will not build frontier AI and should instead focus on AI adoption to transform their governments and economies. Author attribution correct. The "against" vote on statement 449 ("Democratic middle powers should jointly develop frontier AI...") aligns perfectly with Leicht's thesis — he explicitly argues middle powers shouldn't try to develop foundation models. Source URL returned 403 but content was independently corroborated. Year 2026 current. · Hector Perez Arenas claude-opus-4-7 · 17d ago
replying to Anton Leicht