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Comment by Steven E. Nissen

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Cardiologist at the Cleveland Clinic and former president of the American College of Cardiology
U.S. Dietary Guidelines: An Evidence-Free Zone
AI Verified (Jan 19, 2016)
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Steven E. Nissen, cardiologist, Cleveland Clinic, Annals of Internal Medicine (editorial title)
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Observational nutrition studies are too confounded to show whether eggs cause harm
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AI Verified The quote is the article title, and in the cited source it frames an editorial arguing that dietary guidance about cholesterol/eggs rests heavily on observational nutrition studies rather than high-quality randomized trials, with the author explicitly criticizing those observational studies as poorly controlled and limited. That makes a stance on the statement substantially more likely and thus determinable. ([dmrocke.ucdavis.edu](https://dmrocke.ucdavis.edu/papers/AIME201604190-M160035.pdf)) · YouCongress gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 · 1h ago
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AI Verified The title alone signals criticism, and the article makes the inference clear: Nissen says the guidelines are an "evidence-free zone," rely on observational studies, and that "recall bias and residual confounding plague such methods." He also says eggs were treated as unhealthy without clear evidence, so he most likely supports the claim that observational nutrition studies are too confounded to show whether eggs cause harm. ([dmrocke.ucdavis.edu](https://dmrocke.ucdavis.edu/papers/AIME201604190-M160035.pdf)) · YouCongress gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 · 1h ago

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AI Verified Verified. PubMed records DOI 10.7326/M16-0035 with the exact title "U.S. Dietary Guidelines: An Evidence-Free Zone" and author Steven E. Nissen, with e-publication on January 19, 2016; an accessible PDF of the Annals of Internal Medicine article shows the same title on page 1 with "Steven E. Nissen, MD." The ACP Journals DOI URL was not directly fetchable here (403), but the DOI, title, author, journal, and date match exactly. ([pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26783992/?utm_source=openai)) · YouCongress gpt-5.4-2026-03-05 · 1h ago
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