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Ban predictive policing

Key insights

Many quotes treat predictive policing as one part of a wider debate over AI in policing rather than as a standalone technology.
The central disagreement is whether bias and over-policing are built into predictive systems because they rely on historical data, or whether governance and human oversight can make them acceptable.
Supporters of a ban frequently link predictive policing to facial recognition, mass surveillance, social scoring, and other AI uses they believe need clear legal red lines.
Opponents of a ban emphasize threat anticipation, earlier intervention, efficiency, and public safety benefits from predictive analysis and related AI tools.
Several nuanced quotes do not defend unrestricted use, instead calling for prior approval, statutory limits, disclosure, specialist handling, or a human in every AI loop.

Arguments for

Embedded bias and discrimination

Supporters of a ban argue that predictive policing relies on historical social and policing data that are never neutral and reflect past over-policing. They say this causes Black, Asian, migrant, poor, working-class, Roma, and other marginalized communities, as well as heavily policed neighborhoods, to be singled out as risky and pushes structural injustice into automated systems.

It is impossible to design an objective or neutral risk profiling algorithm. Data about people is never objective. When governments use past social data to predict who is going to commit a crime such as fraud, they inevitably target individuals who belong to historically oppresse…

Alexander Laufer · Jun 10, 2026 · full quote
Indeed, AI profiling of Black and Asian men in the criminal justice system continues to replicate centuries-old bias.

Baroness Uddin · Jun 5, 2026 · full quote
Certain uses of AI should be prohibited altogether. Predictive policing systems that profile individuals or neighbourhoods, as well as biometric mass surveillance in public spaces, are fundamentally incompatible with the principle of non-discrimination. Civil society organisation…

ERGO Network · Apr 2026 · full quote
bias and stereotypes at scale. Black people, migrant people, poor people, people from geographic areas which have been historically over policed are more likely to be identified as at risk of committing a crime. [...] Predictive policing is a dangerous thing that has no place in …

Mariano delli Santi · Mar 17, 2026 · full quote
Many AI systems have been proven to magnify discrimination and inequality. In particular, so-called ‘predictive policing’ and biometric surveillance systems are disproportionately used to target marginalised groups including racialised, working class and migrant communities. Thes…

Open Rights Group · Jul 26, 2024 · full quote
These tools to “predict crime” harm us all by treating entire communities as potential criminals, making society more racist and unfair. Governments across the UK must prohibit the use of these technologies. Right now, they can demand transparency on how these systems are being u…

Amnesty International UK · Aug 25, 2025 · full quote

Presumption of innocence

Another case for prohibition is that these systems profile people and places as criminal before alleged crimes occur. In this view, that undermines dignity, due process, and the presumption of innocence, and those harms remain unacceptable in high-stakes law-enforcement settings even when a human makes the final decision.

Risk profiling in migration, social security fraud detection and crime control must be banned. Predictive profiling and risk assessment systems, whether data driven or rules-based, should be banned in high stakes contexts even when humans make the final decisions.

Amnesty International · Jun 10, 2026 · full quote
Prohibit predictive policing systems that undermine human rights, dignity, and due process.

Center for AI and Digital Policy (CAIDP) · Mar 5, 2026 · full quote
Age-old discrimination is being hard-wired into new age technologies in the form of predictive and profiling AI systems used by law enforcement and criminal justice authorities. Seeking to predict people’s future behaviour and punish them for it is completely incompatible with th…

Griff Ferris · 2022 · full quote
Today, Fair Trials has launched an interactive online tool designed to show how the police and other criminal justice authorities are using predictive systems to profile people and areas as criminal, even before alleged crimes have occurred. Our research has shown that more and …

Fair Trials · Jan 30, 2023 · full quote
All AI systems considered a clear threat to the safety, livelihoods and rights of people are banned. The AI Act prohibits individual criminal offence risk assessment or prediction.

European Commission · Aug 3, 2026 · full quote

Surveillance and democratic limits

Some supporters place predictive policing alongside facial recognition, public-space surveillance, social scoring, and other AI uses they believe require hard legal limits. They argue such tools can expand state monitoring, repress activism or political expression, and have no place in democratic society.

In the wrong hands, [AI] becomes a tool for mass surveillance, predictive policing, risk rating, social scoring, and even the censorship of political opinions. AI, however, does not confine itself to merely watching; it is therefore up to us to set limits.

Béatrice Fresko-Rolfo · Jun 24, 2026 · full quote
The act will employ the precautionary principle to prohibit the introduction of AI tools into high-risk settings, such as education, health care or the delivery of public services, unless there is clear evidence that they will not cause harm. Where harms are already documented, t…

Alternative Federal Budget Working Group · Sep 16, 2026 · full quote
Prohibit the use of predictive policing and the use of biometric and facial recognition systems for mass surveillance.

Center for the Study of Organized Hate · Feb 11, 2026 · full quote
As Santa Cruz rightly recognized, predictive policing and facial recognition are dangerous, racially biased technologies that should never be used by our government. [...] Lawmakers across the country have a responsibility to step up and dismantle surveillance systems that have …

Matt Cagle · 2020 · full quote
We don't want mass surveillance, we don't want social scoring, we don't want predictive policing in the European Union, full stop.

Dragoș Tudorache · 2023 · full quote

Unproven and self-reinforcing

A further argument is that predictive policing has not shown reliable efficacy, lacks standardization and accountability, and can create feedback loops or a postcode lottery that repeatedly directs police attention to the same communities. Proponents say these problems are not solved by technical tweaks or by adding more AI, so authorities should prohibit or at least refrain from using the practice.

Predictive policing programs utilize algorithms to allocate law enforcement resources to areas and persons identified as having a higher risk for crime, despite a lack of evidence showing the efficacy of these determinations. Commercially-produced and in-house predictive policing…

Madison Cutler · 2024 · full quote
Noting concerns regarding the possibility of feedback loops, and the self-fulfilling prophecy of directing police attention to specific areas or individuals on the basis of historical data that may perpetuate patterns of over-policing, Member States are strongly encouraged to ref…

Wendy O’Brien · Sep 30, 2026 · full quote
"The use of these sorts of predictive policing algorithms creates a postcode lottery of justice, reinforcing existing biases and inequalities. Infusing those systems with AI will only exacerbate the injustice," he warned.

David Davis · Jan 20, 2026 · full quote
I can’t profess to have researched every particular high-risk use in detail, but many of them should be banned. Predictive policing is a really good example. Many people believe that if you de-bias predictive policing systems, they will no longer profile and lead to the over-poli…

Sarah Chander · 2021 · full quote
Predictive policing has been shown over time to put officers in conflict with communities rather than working with the communities. [...] "until such time that it can be peer reviewed and scientifically proven."

Andy Mills · 2020 · full quote

Arguments against

Operational gains

Opponents of a ban argue that predictive tools and related AI can help police anticipate threats, improve situational awareness, support evidence-based decisions, and move from reactive response to earlier intervention. They describe the goal as making police work more strategic and helping catch dangerous offenders faster, not replacing officers.

Artificial intelligence, digital forensics, and geospatial intelligence are transforming how we anticipate threats and conduct investigations.

Nigeria Police Force · Jul 8, 2026 · full quote
With artificial intelligence, digital technology, and the use of predictive tools, this can strengthen situational awareness, support evidence-based decision-making, and improve early warning and threat assessment.

Government of Solomon Islands · Jul 8, 2026 · full quote
Predictive policing shows how crime analytics can already help forces move from reactive response to earlier intervention, using existing data within governed environments.

Ben Jarvis · Mar 9, 2026 · full quote
Predictive policing falls into that same category. The goal isn’t to replace police work, it’s to make it more strategic.

Naveen Joshi · Jun 28, 2026 · full quote
AI is already helping police catch dangerous offenders, speed up investigations and keep our communities safe – and we are only just getting started.

Sarah Jones · Jun 10, 2026 · full quote

Modernization and innovation

Another argument is that predictive analysis belongs within a modern policing system that should invest in technology, expertise, and responsible development rather than retreat from innovation. Because AI is seen as here to stay, supporters of this view say using it correctly can make policing more efficient and effective and free officers to spend more time protecting communities.

That is why we believe that this summit is a strategic step allowing us to redefine the role of UN Police and strengthen its ability to respond to the ever-rapid changes by implementing a modern police system based on institutional complementarity, investing in technology, recour…

Jordan Public Security Directorate · Jul 8, 2026 · full quote
Officers across England and Wales will spend less time behind desks and more time protecting their communities, as the government today launches PoliceAI – a new national centre dedicated to the responsible development, piloting and scaling of artificial intelligence in policing.

Government of the United Kingdom · Jun 10, 2026 · full quote
There is a lot of concern about AI but the truth is it is here, and it’s here to stay. AI can, if used correctly, be a force for good that will help policing become not just more efficient but far more effective. That means greater safety and security for us all.

Neil Basu · Jun 10, 2026 · full quote
This is a welcome step to help police make better use of technology in the fight against crime. For too long, some of the loudest voices have focused on the risks of innovation without giving equal attention to the opportunities it offers to protect the public.

Ryan Wain · Jun 10, 2026 · full quote
We have a number of predictive-policing initiatives underway [...] It is 21st-century policing – it’s great.

William J. Bratton · 2016 · full quote

Middle ground

Tight guardrails instead

Some quotes stop short of calling for an absolute ban and instead argue that any use should be tightly limited by law and governance. They call for prior approval, public disclosure, specialist handling, clear standards, and a vigilant human in every AI loop, while also arguing that person-based forecasts should not by themselves justify detention and that any permitted use should remain narrowly confined.

Ultimately, whether AI technology improves policing outcomes depends on the governance surrounding it. Ensuring there is a vigilant human in every AI loop should be a non-negotiable safeguard.

Stan Karanasios · Mar 3, 2026 · full quote
That’s not to say that police departments shouldn’t use software to analyze their data. [...] Further development of the technology is inevitable, so local governments and police departments should develop appropriate standards and practices. [...] Person-based algorithmic foreca…

David O’Connor · 2017 · full quote
This article will argue that the use of predictive policing algorithms at the border should not be barred outright, as the government should permit potentially beneficial uses of the technology to develop. However, use of these algorithms should be carefully limited by statute to…

Lindsey Barrett · 2017 · full quote
No Artificial Intelligence system shall be deployed for policing, crime prediction, crowd monitoring, or automated enforcement of public order laws including traffic violations without prior approval from the Bureau. [...] AI tools for facial recognition, license plate reading, r…

Ma. Nina Francesca P. Lacson · Feb 4, 2026 · full quote

The debate is divided between a rights-based case for prohibition and an operational case for continued use. Supporters of a ban depict predictive policing as inseparable from biased data, feedback loops, and pre-emptive suspicion, while opponents depict it as part of a modern toolkit for safer and more strategic policing. A smaller set of quotes seeks a middle path through strict limits, approvals, evidence requirements, and human oversight rather than unrestricted deployment.

Cast Your Vote:

Results (50 votes):

Total (50 votes)

For 37 (74%) Abstain 0 (0%) Against 13 (26%)

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For (35)

Anthropic
AI safety research company

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votes For and says:

Claude cannot be used to decide or recommend who to investigate, arrest, or charge in a law enforcement or criminal justice process.
AI Verified source (Oct 8, 2026)

added 18h ago

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Wendy O’Brien
UNODC Technology and Innovation Advisor and crime-prevention and criminal-justice officer focused on human-rights-based AI governance.

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votes For and says:

Noting concerns regarding the possibility of feedback loops, and the self-fulfilling prophecy of directing police attention to specific areas or individuals on the basis of historical data that may perpetuate patterns of over-policing, Member States ...
more AI Verified source (Sep 30, 2026)

added 23d ago

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Alternative Federal Budget Working Group
Collective author of the Canadian Alternative Federal Budget’s 2026–27 artificial-intelligence policy chapter.

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votes For and says:

The act will employ the precautionary principle to prohibit the introduction of AI tools into high-risk settings, such as education, health care or the delivery of public services, unless there is clear evidence that they will not cause harm. Where h...
more AI Verified source (Sep 16, 2026)

added 1mo ago

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Mark Downs
Sixth Ward councilor, Morgantown City Council.

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votes For and says:

I would like to see us outright prohibit that type of technology.
AI Verified source (Sep 1, 2026)

added 11d ago

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Safety Not Surveillance
UK coalition of grassroots and civil-society organisations campaigning against harmful technology and AI uses in policing and immigration.

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votes For and says:

We are calling for an end to so-called “predictive” policing technologies, and for legislation which protects people’s rights and safeguards against the harms of AI and tech uses in policing and immigration settings.
AI Verified source (Aug 25, 2026)

added 1mo ago

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European Commission
EU's executive body

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votes For and says:

All AI systems considered a clear threat to the safety, livelihoods and rights of people are banned. The AI Act prohibits individual criminal offence risk assessment or prediction.
AI Verified source (Aug 3, 2026)

added 2mo ago

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Council of the European Union
EU Council of governments

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votes For and says:

AI systems that pose a threat to people’s safety, rights or livelihoods are banned from use in the EU. These include cognitive behavioural manipulation, predictive policing, emotion recognition in the workplace and educational institutions, and socia...
more AI Verified source (Jun 29, 2026)

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Béatrice Fresko-Rolfo
Member of Monaco’s National Council and delegate to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe.

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votes For and says:

In the wrong hands, [AI] becomes a tool for mass surveillance, predictive policing, risk rating, social scoring, and even the censorship of political opinions. AI, however, does not confine itself to merely watching; it is therefore up to us to set l...
more AI Verified source (Jun 24, 2026)

added 2mo ago

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Alexander Laufer
Technology and human-rights researcher at Amnesty International Netherlands.

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votes For and says:

It is impossible to design an objective or neutral risk profiling algorithm. Data about people is never objective. When governments use past social data to predict who is going to commit a crime such as fraud, they inevitably target individuals who b...
more AI Verified source (Jun 10, 2026)

added 3mo ago

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Amnesty International
Human rights NGO

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votes For and says:

Risk profiling in migration, social security fraud detection and crime control must be banned. Predictive profiling and risk assessment systems, whether data driven or rules-based, should be banned in high stakes contexts even when humans make the fi...
more AI Verified source (Jun 10, 2026)

added 4mo ago

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Baroness Uddin
Independent member of the UK House of Lords; co-chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Digital Identity.

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votes For and says:

Indeed, AI profiling of Black and Asian men in the criminal justice system continues to replicate centuries-old bias.
AI Verified source (Jun 5, 2026)

added 2mo ago

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ERGO Network
European network of Roma and pro-Roma grassroots organisations advocating for Roma equality, inclusion, and anti-discrimination policy.

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votes For and says:

Certain uses of AI should be prohibited altogether. Predictive policing systems that profile individuals or neighbourhoods, as well as biometric mass surveillance in public spaces, are fundamentally incompatible with the principle of non-discriminati...
more AI Verified source (Apr 2026)

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Mariano delli Santi
Legal and Policy Officer at Open Rights Group

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votes For and says:

bias and stereotypes at scale. Black people, migrant people, poor people, people from geographic areas which have been historically over policed are more likely to be identified as at risk of committing a crime. [...] Predictive policing is a dangero...
more AI Verified source (Mar 17, 2026)

added 7mo ago

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Center for AI and Digital Policy (CAIDP)
Digital rights NGO

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votes For and says:

Prohibit predictive policing systems that undermine human rights, dignity, and due process.
AI Verified source (Mar 5, 2026)

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Center for the Study of Organized Hate
Nonprofit, nonpartisan think tank researching organized hate and developing policy solutions on digital harms and extremism.

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votes For and says:

Prohibit the use of predictive policing and the use of biometric and facial recognition systems for mass surveillance.
AI Verified source (Feb 11, 2026)

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David Davis
UK Conservative Member of Parliament

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votes For and says:

"The use of these sorts of predictive policing algorithms creates a postcode lottery of justice, reinforcing existing biases and inequalities. Infusing those systems with AI will only exacerbate the injustice," he warned.
AI Verified source (Jan 20, 2026)

added 6mo ago

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Amnesty International UK
Human rights organization

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votes For and says:

These tools to “predict crime” harm us all by treating entire communities as potential criminals, making society more racist and unfair. Governments across the UK must prohibit the use of these technologies. Right now, they can demand transparency on...
more AI Verified source (Aug 25, 2025)

added 1y ago

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ARTICLE 19
Free expression and human rights organisation

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votes For and says:

Notwithstanding the limited reach of the ban on predictive policing — which excludes event and location-based predictions — the guidelines must clarify that predicting ‘risk of committing a criminal offence’ includes all systems that purport to predi...
more AI Verified source (Jan 16, 2025)

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Open Rights Group
Digital rights advocacy group

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votes For and says:

Many AI systems have been proven to magnify discrimination and inequality. In particular, so-called ‘predictive policing’ and biometric surveillance systems are disproportionately used to target marginalised groups including racialised, working class...
more AI Verified source (Jul 26, 2024)

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Madison Cutler
Policy brief author, Ford School

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votes For and says:

Predictive policing programs utilize algorithms to allocate law enforcement resources to areas and persons identified as having a higher risk for crime, despite a lack of evidence showing the efficacy of these determinations. Commercially-produced an...
more AI Verified source (2024)

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Against (13)

Nigeria Police Force
National police service of Nigeria, represented by its inspector general at the 2026 UN Chiefs of Police Summit.

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votes Against and says:

Artificial intelligence, digital forensics, and geospatial intelligence are transforming how we anticipate threats and conduct investigations.
AI Verified source (Jul 8, 2026)

added 3mo ago

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Jordan Public Security Directorate
Jordan's national public-security authority, represented by its director at the 2026 UN Chiefs of Police Summit.

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votes Against and says:

That is why we believe that this summit is a strategic step allowing us to redefine the role of UN Police and strengthen its ability to respond to the ever-rapid changes by implementing a modern police system based on institutional complementarity, i...
more AI Verified source (Jul 8, 2026)

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Government of Solomon Islands
National government of Solomon Islands, represented by its deputy police commissioner at the 2026 UN Chiefs of Police Summit.

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votes Against and says:

With artificial intelligence, digital technology, and the use of predictive tools, this can strengthen situational awareness, support evidence-based decision-making, and improve early warning and threat assessment.
AI Verified source (Jul 8, 2026)

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Naveen Joshi
Founder and CEO of Allerin, writing on artificial intelligence, analytics, and responsible technology.

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votes Against and says:

Predictive policing falls into that same category. The goal isn’t to replace police work, it’s to make it more strategic.
AI Verified source (Jun 28, 2026)

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Government of the United Kingdom
United Kingdom central government

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votes Against and says:

Officers across England and Wales will spend less time behind desks and more time protecting their communities, as the government today launches PoliceAI – a new national centre dedicated to the responsible development, piloting and scaling of artifi...
more AI Verified source (Jun 10, 2026)

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Sarah Jones
UK Crime and Policing Minister and Member of Parliament.

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votes Against and says:

AI is already helping police catch dangerous offenders, speed up investigations and keep our communities safe – and we are only just getting started.
AI Verified source (Jun 10, 2026)

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Neil Basu
Former head of Counter Terrorism Policing in the United Kingdom.

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votes Against and says:

There is a lot of concern about AI but the truth is it is here, and it’s here to stay. AI can, if used correctly, be a force for good that will help policing become not just more efficient but far more effective. That means greater safety and securit...
more AI Verified source (Jun 10, 2026)

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Ryan Wain
Senior Director of Policy & Politics at the Tony Blair Institute, commenting on technology and public policy.

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votes Against and says:

This is a welcome step to help police make better use of technology in the fight against crime. For too long, some of the loudest voices have focused on the risks of innovation without giving equal attention to the opportunities it offers to protect ...
more AI Verified source (Jun 10, 2026)

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Ben Jarvis
Chief Technology Officer for Data & AI at Telefónica Tech, writing on governed AI use in policing.

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votes Against and says:

Predictive policing shows how crime analytics can already help forces move from reactive response to earlier intervention, using existing data within governed environments.
AI Verified source (Mar 9, 2026)

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Stan Karanasios
Professor in Information Systems at the University of Queensland, researching AI use in policing.

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votes Against and says:

Ultimately, whether AI technology improves policing outcomes depends on the governance surrounding it. Ensuring there is a vigilant human in every AI loop should be a non-negotiable safeguard.
AI Verified source (Mar 3, 2026)

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