World Bank

AI is driving power asymmetries between countries, governments, corporations, and individuals. Between countries, control over key parts of the AI value chain—frontier models, advanced chips and data centers—by a few companies creates dependency risk...

To build trust and legitimacy, processes such as citizens’ assemblies provide an effective participation mechanism. These assemblies consist of randomly selected individuals reflecting the broader population. Through structured meetings, participants...

Fiscal policy should therefore pursue three joint objectives: capture AI’s productivity gains while managing transition risks, protect fiscal capacity as labor income becomes less central, and strengthen social protection.

Economies that lack the physical, digital, and institutional foundations needed to benefit from AI risk being left behind.