Establish a UN-led body to oversee compute-intensive AI

ai-regulation policy ai-governance regulations international-relations

Arguments for

UN legitimacy and inclusion

Supporters argue that AI governance needs a universal and inclusive multilateral venue, and they portray the UN as best placed to give every country a seat and let nations participate as equals. They say a UN-centered process can reduce fragmented efforts and build shared rules and consensus.

We should practice true multilateralism, play the central role of the U.N. in global governance, pay attention to the fragmentation of global AI governance, and support the U.N. Global Dialogue on AI Governance and the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI in playing t…

2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference & High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance · Jul 17, 2026 · full quote
Pakistan therefore calls for safety norms to be developed through inclusive multilateral processes under the United Nations, where all nations participate as equals.

Government of Pakistan · Jul 7, 2026 · full quote
AI is advancing at runaway speed. The question is whether we will govern it together – or let it govern us. For the first time, the AI Dialogue gives every country a seat at the table. We must now turn global participation into global action – to make AI safer, fairer, more acces…

António Guterres · Jul 6, 2026 · full quote
Second, fragmentation of international efforts, confirming the United Nations as the most legitimate and inclusive platform.

Sid Ali Zerouki · Jul 6, 2026 · full quote
AI governance requires global cooperation. The United Nations has an important role as a universal platform, bringing together governments, international organizations, the private sector, academia, the technical community, and civil society.

Government of Czechia · Jul 7, 2026 · full quote

Cross-border enforceable safety

Proponents say AI crosses borders, so isolated national efforts and voluntary principles are not enough. They call for shared standards, auditable rules, assigned responsibilities, and cooperation at national and supra-national levels to keep AI safe and prevent concentrated power from turning into domination or chaos.

As AI increasingly transcends borders, interoperability and compatibility of approaches cannot be achieved through isolated national efforts. They require continuous dialogue, mutual trust, and strong multilateral cooperation.

Government of Ethiopia · Jul 7, 2026 · full quote
Legal and governance frameworks must therefore be enforceable nationally and supra-nationally, voluntary principles are important, but they are not enough. We need rules that can be audited, remedies that can be accessed, responsibilities that can be assigned, and cooperation tha…

Russell Dlamini · Jul 6, 2026 · full quote
We should practice true multilateralism and recognize the important role of the United Nations. We should enhance alignment and coordination on AI development strategies, governance rules and technical standards, so as to form a consensus-based global governance framework at an e…

Xi Jinping · Jul 17, 2026 · full quote
This unprecedented concentration of power must not become an instrument of totalitarian control, a new digital tyranny that infringes upon national sovereignty and individual liberty. It is our shared responsibility to create a robust international legal architecture that will ba…

Mikheil Kavelashvili · Jul 6, 2026 · full quote
The world needs an efficient and effective international institution to coordinate the governance of AI and ensure its safety.

Zeng Yi · Feb 12, 2026 · full quote

Frontier oversight architecture

Some supporters explicitly favor a new international architecture for frontier or compute-intensive AI, with independent scientific assessment, testing, inspections or audits, and ways to verify compliance. They point to the UN's emerging dialogue and scientific-panel architecture as a foundation for such oversight.

First of all, let’s not forget that A.I. is a tremendous opportunity — if used responsibly. But responsibility at the frontier cannot be left to chance or to any single company or country. Just as the world built institutions to govern nuclear power — with the IAEA at the core of…

Ursula von der Leyen · 2024 · full quote
Second, we are likely to eventually need something like an IAEA for superintelligence efforts; any effort above a certain capability (or resources like compute) threshold will need to be subject to an international authority that can inspect systems, require audits, test for comp…

OpenAI · 2023 · full quote
A new global architecture is needed [...] International Atomic Energy Agency. [...] via the UN General Assembly, [...] establishing a new international AI safety agency.

The Elders · May 31, 2023 · full quote
This is why the United Nations has launched the Global Dialogue on AI Governance, established the International Independent Scientific Panel on AI, and proposed a global capacity-building architecture - including a global AI fund and a network of regional and national AI centres.…

Tatiana Valovaya · Jan 15, 2026 · full quote
The Global Digital Compact gave the multilateral system two things it never had before: an independent scientific panel to assess AI's impacts and opportunities, and a global dialogue where every government has a seat at the table. Today, for the first time, both come together. T…

Amandeep Singh Gill · Jul 6, 2026 · full quote

Development and shared benefits

Backers also frame UN-led governance as a way to bridge AI divides, help vulnerable and developing countries, and align AI with sustainable development and cultural diversity. In this view, oversight should also create accountability for private actors and ensure equal rights, opportunities, and benefits for all countries.

The Dialogue's structure should also provide space for practical discussions on AI solutions for development, including applications in agriculture, education, and health, as well as for discussions on the accountability of the private sector and technology platforms, on the impo…

Group of 77 and China · Apr 8, 2026 · full quote
China has consistently supported the UN as the primary channel for global AI governance and has worked to help bridge the global AI divides.

Li Lecheng · Jul 7, 2026 · full quote
Humanity’s rich and diverse cultural and linguistic heritage is our greatest source of creativity, identity and resilience, but we must ensure Artificial Intelligence strengthens, rather than erodes this diversity. Global AI governance is essential to protect all voices, empower …

Khaled El-Enany · Jul 6, 2026 · full quote
This governance must be focused on UN institutions to make sure that the AI serves the SDGs.

Anne Le Hénanf · Jul 6, 2026 · full quote
I would welcome the constant commitment of the United Nations, including the ITU, to help vulnerable countries [...] your role is essential. Chad [...] comes [...] to lead Central Africa and the Sahel in the construction of global governance of AI, which would be [...] universal …

Haleki Tchoua Mahamat · Jul 7, 2026 · full quote

Arguments against

Sovereignty and mandate concerns

Opponents argue that a UN-led overseer would impose centralized or supra-national control over AI and sacrifice national self-determination. Some also say AI governance is beyond the UN's proper mandate or could be shaped by outside political influence.

We totally reject global governance of AI. We believe AI adoption cannot lead to a brighter future if it is subject to bureaucracies and centralized control. Prioritizing AI for your people does not mean joining international efforts that are either purely symbolic or a sacrifice…

Michael Kratsios · 2026 · full quote
a significant overreach of the U.N.'s mandate and competence [...] AI governance is not a matter for the U.N. to dictate. [...] We will not cede authority over AI to international bodies that may be influenced by authoritarian regimes seeking to impose their vision of controlled …

Lauren Lovelace · Feb 12, 2026 · full quote
We oppose the formation of supra-national oversight bodies in the field of AI.

Dmitry Polyanskiy · 2023 · full quote

Unworkable IAEA-style oversight

Critics say an IAEA-style model does not fit AI, which they describe as broad, fast-moving, and developed by many actors rather than a narrow field with trackable materials. They argue that monitoring compute use and enforcing compliance would be difficult in practice and may still miss the actors of concern.

Calls for a global A.I. regulator modelled on the IAEA are misguided. Nuclear technology is a narrow, slow‑moving domain with obvious materials to track and a small set of state actors; A.I. is a broad, fast‑moving field with millions of researchers and developers worldwide. A U.…

Yann LeCun · 2023 · full quote
Many have turned to the International Atomic Energy Agency as a model for international A.I. institutions. But an ‘IAEA for A.I.’ is not a panacea. The IAEA works in a context with material stockpiles, treaty hooks, and decades of consensus about the nature of the risk. Advanced …

Akash Wasil · 2024 · full quote
As I said, AI does not respect national borders, and I think we will all benefit from hearing and talking to each other in a conversation with the businesses themselves. That is really what this is about. We are a long way from anyone establishing an IAEA equivalent for AI. Those…

Rishi Sunak · Jul 4, 2023 · full quote

Applications versus technology

Some opponents distinguish governing harmful applications from regulating the underlying technology, research, or development itself. They argue that a body overseeing compute-intensive AI could regulate the wrong target, chill progress, or constrain open research.

However, it is important to differentiate regulating applications (which we need) vs. regulating the technology (which is ill-advised).

Andrew Ng · Dec 11, 2023 · full quote
The question that people are debating is whether it makes sense to regulate research and development of AI. And I don't think it does.

Yann LeCun · 2023 · full quote
Calls for a global A.I. regulator modelled on the IAEA are misguided. Nuclear technology is a narrow, slow‑moving domain with obvious materials to track and a small set of state actors; A.I. is a broad, fast‑moving field with millions of researchers and developers worldwide. A U.…

Yann LeCun · 2023 · full quote

Middle ground

Cooperation before new institution

Some voices support international discussion, common testing standards, and cooperation among governments or agencies, but stop short of endorsing a new UN-led overseer. They suggest starting with existing work, government-to-government or multistakeholder coordination, and forum-building before any IAEA-style institution.

We need an international forum for discussion that establishes globally accepted standards for testing, provides expert and impartial analysis of capabilities and risks, and serves as a venue for cooperation among nations.

Sam Altman · Jun 17, 2026 · full quote
We should build on existing international work rather than creating frameworks from scratch.

Government of Australia · Jul 7, 2026 · full quote
As I said, AI does not respect national borders, and I think we will all benefit from hearing and talking to each other in a conversation with the businesses themselves. That is really what this is about. We are a long way from anyone establishing an IAEA equivalent for AI. Those…

Rishi Sunak · Jul 4, 2023 · full quote
That’s a critical, critical aspect of fighting climate change. And with A.I., so much more urgent and fast- moving, you will need an organization like that, a multistakeholder. But another thing we’re calling for is a techno credential approach, like you see in the global financi…

Ian Bremmer · 2023 · full quote

Insights

Both supporters and skeptics often describe AI as a cross-border issue, but they diverge sharply on whether that implies a centralized UN-led body or looser forms of cooperation.
Supportive quotes repeatedly link UN leadership to equal participation for all countries, especially developing states, while opposing quotes frame resistance in terms of national self-determination and non-delegation of authority.
Several pro-UN voices present the Global Dialogue on AI Governance and the Independent International Scientific Panel on AI as components of a new governance architecture.
The statement's focus on compute-intensive AI appears directly in supportive calls for rules, testing, audits, and compliance verification for high-capability systems, and in opposing claims that compute tracking would be hard to verify.
The debate cuts across institutional roles in the bios: governments, UN officials, researchers, and AI company leaders appear on multiple sides of the question.

Across the quotes, there is broad concern that AI's effects cross borders and that some form of international coordination, standards, or governance is needed. The main divide is over institutional form and authority: supporters want the UN to anchor an inclusive oversight architecture that can set rules and, for frontier systems, test and verify compliance, while critics argue such centralized control would be impractical, overreaching, or better handled through national, existing, or alternative multistakeholder arrangements.

Cast your vote:

Results (52 votes):

Total (52 votes)

For 42 (81%) Abstain 0 (0%) Against 10 (19%)

For (39)

Clément Delangue
Hugging Face cofounder and CEO

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votes For and says:

AI safety won't be solved by any single company working in secret. It will be solved in the open, collaboratively, with broad access to AI for every defender, everywhere.
AI Verified source (Jul 21, 2026)

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Xi Jinping
President of the People's Republic of China.

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votes For and says:

We should practice true multilateralism and recognize the important role of the United Nations. We should enhance alignment and coordination on AI development strategies, governance rules and technical standards, so as to form a consensus-based globa...
more AI Verified source (Jul 17, 2026)

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2026 World Artificial Intelligence Conference & High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance
Intergovernmental conference on global AI governance held in Shanghai in July 2026.

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votes For and says:

We should practice true multilateralism, play the central role of the U.N. in global governance, pay attention to the fragmentation of global AI governance, and support the U.N. Global Dialogue on AI Governance and the Independent International Scien...
more AI Verified source (Jul 17, 2026)

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Anna Oosterlinck
UN Representative for the Global Forum for Media Development.

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votes For and says:

This requires a multi-layered governance approach – we need: Public digital infrastructure, including cloud services, that are accessible, affordable, non-discriminatory and human rights compliant by design, driven by communities, including media, in...
more AI Verified source (Jul 8, 2026)

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Onishi Yohei
Parliamentary Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan.

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votes For and says:

A platform whose establishment was agreed upon at the UN in September 2024, with the objectives of sharing best practices and lessons learned toward international cooperation, and promoting transparent and inclusive discussions on AI governance.
AI Verified source (Jul 8, 2026)

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Meutya Hafid
Indonesia's Minister of Communication and Digital Affairs

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votes For and says:

This dialogue provides important momentum to build inclusive, people-centered global AI governance that is oriented toward development and backed by international cooperation.
AI Verified source (Jul 8, 2026)

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European Union
Political and economic union

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A successful first Global Dialogue can lay the foundation for greater international cooperation on AI, which is truly needed in a fast-evolving AI landscape.
AI Verified source (Jul 7, 2026)

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Government of Czechia
Government of Czechia speaking through its deputy foreign minister at the UN Global Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence Governance in July 2026.

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votes For and says:

AI governance requires global cooperation. The United Nations has an important role as a universal platform, bringing together governments, international organizations, the private sector, academia, the technical community, and civil society.
AI Verified source (Jul 7, 2026)

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Government of the Netherlands
National government of the Netherlands, publishing its international strategy for a safe and responsible AI transition.

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The Netherlands strongly supports the establishment of this dialogue. Our approach is to find the balance between seizing the opportunities of AI and managing its risk.
AI Verified source (Jul 7, 2026)

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Li Lecheng
China's Minister of Industry and Information Technology.

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votes For and says:

China has consistently supported the UN as the primary channel for global AI governance and has worked to help bridge the global AI divides.
AI Verified source (Jul 7, 2026)

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Gabriela González
Deputy Permanent Representative of Uruguay to the United Nations.

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votes For and says:

In a short period, the community has laid the foundation of emerging United Nations architecture for AI governance. Today, with the publication of the panel that we just recently heard, the dialogue we are witnessing, the first substantive output in ...
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Eunice Luambia
Permanent Representative of Zambia to the United Nations.

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votes For and says:

We call for adherence of the purpose and principles of the UN Charter and respect for international law in building global AI governance. The United Nations should play the central coordinating role in international development cooperation.
AI Verified source (Jul 7, 2026)

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Haleki Tchoua Mahamat
Chad's Minister of Telecommunications, Digital Economy, and Digitalization of Public Administration.

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votes For and says:

I would welcome the constant commitment of the United Nations, including the ITU, to help vulnerable countries [...] your role is essential. Chad [...] comes [...] to lead Central Africa and the Sahel in the construction of global governance of AI, w...
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Katy Knight
President and Chief Executive Officer of Siegel Family Endowment.

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votes For and says:

This is where the United Nations has a unique opportunity: as a convener, coordinator and facilitator capable of helping governments, researchers, civil society, philanthropy and industry build the connective tissue that effective AI governance requi...
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Government of Ethiopia
National government of Ethiopia, speaking through its delegation at the UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance in July 2026.

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votes For and says:

As AI increasingly transcends borders, interoperability and compatibility of approaches cannot be achieved through isolated national efforts. They require continuous dialogue, mutual trust, and strong multilateral cooperation.
AI Verified source (Jul 7, 2026)

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Government of Pakistan
National government of Pakistan, speaking through its delegation at the UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance in July 2026.

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votes For and says:

Pakistan therefore calls for safety norms to be developed through inclusive multilateral processes under the United Nations, where all nations participate as equals.
AI Verified source (Jul 7, 2026)

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Hans Wijayasuriya
Chief Advisor to the President of Sri Lanka on Digital Economy and Special Envoy to the UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance.

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votes For and says:

Smaller and Developing nations must not be constrained to being just consumers of AI, but be empowered as contributors to the knowledge, language, and cultural perspectives upon which future AI systems are built.
AI Verified source (Jul 6, 2026)

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Anne Le Hénanf
French Delegate Minister for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Affairs who spoke at the UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance in July 2026.

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votes For and says:

This governance must be focused on UN institutions to make sure that the AI serves the SDGs.
AI Verified source (Jul 6, 2026)

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Government of Switzerland
National government of Switzerland, speaking through its federal councillor at the UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance in July 2026.

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votes For and says:

The United Nations should not only define the rules of governance of AI, but also show an example, be an example in their practical application.
AI Verified source (Jul 6, 2026)

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Mikheil Kavelashvili
President of Georgia

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votes For and says:

This unprecedented concentration of power must not become an instrument of totalitarian control, a new digital tyranny that infringes upon national sovereignty and individual liberty. It is our shared responsibility to create a robust international l...
more AI Verified source (Jul 6, 2026)

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Russell Dlamini
Prime Minister of Eswatini

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votes For and says:

Legal and governance frameworks must therefore be enforceable nationally and supra-nationally, voluntary principles are important, but they are not enough. We need rules that can be audited, remedies that can be accessed, responsibilities that can be...
more AI Verified source (Jul 6, 2026)

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Sid Ali Zerouki
Algeria's Minister of Post and Telecommunications who spoke at the UN Global Dialogue on AI Governance in July 2026.

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votes For and says:

Second, fragmentation of international efforts, confirming the United Nations as the most legitimate and inclusive platform.
AI Verified source (Jul 6, 2026)

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Amandeep Singh Gill
UN Under-Secretary-General and head of the Office for Digital and Emerging Technologies

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votes For and says:

The Global Digital Compact gave the multilateral system two things it never had before: an independent scientific panel to assess AI's impacts and opportunities, and a global dialogue where every government has a seat at the table. Today, for the fir...
more AI Verified source (Jul 6, 2026)

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Khaled El-Enany
UNESCO Director-General

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votes For and says:

Humanity’s rich and diverse cultural and linguistic heritage is our greatest source of creativity, identity and resilience, but we must ensure Artificial Intelligence strengthens, rather than erodes this diversity. Global AI governance is essential t...
more AI Verified source (Jul 6, 2026)

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Rein Tammsaar
Permanent Representative of Estonia to the United Nations and Co-Chair of the Global Dialogue on AI Governance

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votes For and says:

Leveraging the convening power of the UN, we must start transforming artificial intelligence into a global public good that benefits all of humanity while ensuring safety by design and meaningful human oversight. For this to happen, the first Global ...
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Annalena Baerbock
President of the UN General Assembly

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votes For and says:

This Global Dialogue is not merely about regulating a technology. It is about defining a shared vision in which technological progress goes hand in hand with human dignity, equity, and sustainable development. If governed responsibly and collectively...
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António Guterres
UN Secretary-General

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votes For and says:

AI is advancing at runaway speed. The question is whether we will govern it together – or let it govern us. For the first time, the AI Dialogue gives every country a seat at the table. We must now turn global participation into global action – to mak...
more AI Verified source (Jul 6, 2026)

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Marc Benioff
CEO and co-founder of Salesforce

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votes For and says:

Our inaugural meeting will focus on where this group is uniquely positioned to act together: strengthening AI infrastructure, accelerating AI's impact on health, education, food security and disaster response, and ensuring trust and safety.
AI Verified source (Jul 1, 2026)

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Sam Altman
CEO at OpenAI

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votes For and says:

We need an international forum for discussion that establishes globally accepted standards for testing, provides expert and impartial analysis of capabilities and risks, and serves as a venue for cooperation among nations.
AI Verified source (Jun 17, 2026)

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Tony Oweke
Research fellow at the Council on Foreign Relations specializing in AI governance and digital policy.

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votes For and says:

The United Nations remains the sole universal platform through which every country can participate in shaping global governance.
AI Verified source (May 29, 2026)

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InterAction Council
Independent international organization of former world leaders focused on global policy challenges.

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votes For and says:

In the future, a global governance framework needs to be developed, [...] addressed by creating an international agency or platform responsible for artificial intelligence.
AI Verified source (May 2026)

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Group of 77 and China
Coalition of developing countries at the United Nations.

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votes For and says:

The Group of 77 and China reaffirms that AI governance must be anchored in multilateralism, with the United Nations playing a central role.
AI Verified source (May 8, 2026) 1 of 2

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Tshilidzi Marwala
Rector of the United Nations University.

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votes For and says:

Global technological and economic systems must promote stability, inclusion and sustainability, not just efficiency. Third is ongoing multilateral oversight. Governance needs to be adaptable, driven by real-time data and coordinated across borders th...
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Zeng Yi
Researcher at the Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences; AI safety and governance expert.

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votes For and says:

The world needs an efficient and effective international institution to coordinate the governance of AI and ensure its safety.
AI Verified source (Feb 12, 2026)

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Tatiana Valovaya
Director-General of the United Nations Office at Geneva.

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votes For and says:

This is why the United Nations has launched the Global Dialogue on AI Governance, established the International Independent Scientific Panel on AI, and proposed a global capacity-building architecture - including a global AI fund and a network of reg...
more AI Verified source (Jan 15, 2026)

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The Elders
Independent group of global leaders

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votes For and says:

A new global architecture is needed [...] International Atomic Energy Agency. [...] via the UN General Assembly, [...] establishing a new international AI safety agency.
AI Verified source (May 31, 2023)

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Ursula von der Leyen
President of the European Commission

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votes For and says:

First of all, let’s not forget that A.I. is a tremendous opportunity — if used responsibly. But responsibility at the frontier cannot be left to chance or to any single company or country. Just as the world built institutions to govern nuclear power ...
more Disputed source (2024)

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Gary Marcus
Professor of Psychology and Neural Science

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I think the UN, UNESCO, places like that have been thinking about this for a long time, [...]
Disputed source (May 14, 2023)

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OpenAI
AI research organization

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votes For and says:

Second, we are likely to eventually need something like an IAEA for superintelligence efforts; any effort above a certain capability (or resources like compute) threshold will need to be subject to an international authority that can inspect systems,...
more Disputed source (2023)

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Abstain (0)

Against (10)

Demis Hassabis
Nobel laureate, AI Researcher and CEO of DeepMind

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votes Against and says:

The time has come for a more systematic approach to AI regulation — funded by the industry, staffed by world-class technical experts, and answerable to the U.S. government.
AI Verified source (Jul 14, 2026)

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Government of Australia
Government of Australia speaking through its delegate at the UN Global Dialogue on Artificial Intelligence Governance in July 2026.

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votes Against and says:

We should build on existing international work rather than creating frameworks from scratch.
AI Verified source (Jul 7, 2026)

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Michael Kratsios
U.S. OSTP Director

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votes Against and says:

We totally reject global governance of AI. We believe AI adoption cannot lead to a brighter future if it is subject to bureaucracies and centralized control. Prioritizing AI for your people does not mean joining international efforts that are either ...
more AI Verified source (2026) 1 of 3

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Andrew Ng
Baidu; Stanford CS faculty; founded Coursera and Google Brain

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votes Against and says:

However, it is important to differentiate regulating applications (which we need) vs. regulating the technology (which is ill-advised).
AI Verified source (Dec 11, 2023)

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Yann LeCun
Computer scientist, AI researcher

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votes Against and says:

The question that people are debating is whether it makes sense to regulate research and development of AI. And I don't think it does.
AI Verified source (2023) 1 of 2

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Ian Bremmer
Geopolitics expert; Eurasia Group founder

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votes Against and says:

That’s a critical, critical aspect of fighting climate change. And with A.I., so much more urgent and fast- moving, you will need an organization like that, a multistakeholder. But another thing we’re calling for is a techno credential approach, like...
more AI Verified source (2023)

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Dmitry Polyanskiy
Russia's Deputy U.N. Ambassador

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votes Against and says:

We oppose the formation of supra-national oversight bodies in the field of AI.
AI Verified source (2023)

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Lauren Lovelace
U.S. Mission counselor at the United Nations

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votes Against and says:

a significant overreach of the U.N.'s mandate and competence [...] AI governance is not a matter for the U.N. to dictate. [...] We will not cede authority over AI to international bodies that may be influenced by authoritarian regimes seeking to impo...
more Disputed source (Feb 12, 2026)

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Akash Wasil
Lawfare contributing writer

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votes Against and says:

Many have turned to the International Atomic Energy Agency as a model for international A.I. institutions. But an ‘IAEA for A.I.’ is not a panacea. The IAEA works in a context with material stockpiles, treaty hooks, and decades of consensus about the...
more Disputed source (2024)

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Rishi Sunak
Former UK prime minister

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votes Against and says:

As I said, AI does not respect national borders, and I think we will all benefit from hearing and talking to each other in a conversation with the businesses themselves. That is really what this is about. We are a long way from anyone establishing an...
more Disputed source (Jul 4, 2023)

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More h/ai-governance votes

Ban governments from using AI to conduct mass surveillance of citizens

Ban the use of AI for mass surveillance

[🇺🇸 Congress, Mar 2025] Prohibiting deceptive AI-generated media of federal election candidates

Ban predictive policing

Mandate the CERN for AI to build safe superintelligence

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