AI agents should be granted legal personhood as non-human corporations

Key insights

Across the quotes, the main issue is governance and liability rather than machine humanity, and even supportive voices usually describe a legal tool for market participation rather than human-like status.
The corporation analogy is the central fault line: supporters treat existing non-human legal persons as a workable precedent, while opponents argue corporations remain anchored to human members and controllers in ways AI would not.
Many supportive proposals are explicitly narrow, limiting any status to functions such as owning assets, contracting, bearing liability, and suing or being sued, often with insurance, oversight, or other safeguards.
Opponents repeatedly warn that personhood could operate less as a way to discipline AI than as a way for the humans around AI to shift, dilute, or evade responsibility.
A notable contingent treats the issue as time-dependent, saying current law may be sufficient for now while future levels of autonomy or economic integration could force new legal categories.

Arguments for

Suable legal entity

Proponents argue that highly autonomous agents can scatter responsibility across users, deployers, model providers, and developers. Giving an agent or AI-run firm legal personhood would create an identifiable entity that can own assets, enter contracts, bring or face claims, carry insurance, and be dissolved, thereby making it more governable.

Legal personhood does not free an entity from the law, it subjects it to the law. An AI-operated company with legal personhood has identifiable assets, centralized legal relationships, the possibility of dissolution, and executable property. Without that vehicle, the victim of ha…

Adrián Lerer · Jun 19, 2026 · full quote
And if we want these SSAs to obey law, we will have to grant them the benefits of the law as well as its burdens: property, standing, procedure. That would not make them human, but would help make them more governable.

Damien Charlotin · Sep 11, 2026 · full quote
The law has been creating artificial persons for centuries. A corporation cannot feel pain or fall in love. Yet a company is a legal person. [...] The same logic may be useful for AI. An advanced autonomous AI could be required to become an artificial legal person, with a registe…

Julian Braithwaite · Sep 8, 2026 · full quote
Society may eventually find it useful to create a category of limited artificial legal personality without deciding that the entities enjoying it possess subjective experience. [...] Corporations already demonstrate that legal persons can enjoy only those rights appropriate to th…

Matthew Parish · Sep 11, 2026 · full quote
The techniques in organizational law that I have developed (Bayern 2021) to let software approximate legal personality are workable, but a cleaner and more honest approach for the law to adopt is just to say that software (e.g., an autonomous organization on a blockchain or an in…

Shawn Bayern · Jul 6, 2026 · full quote

Corporate analogy

Supporters say personhood in law is already a functional tool, not a badge of consciousness or humanity. Because corporations can own property, contract, and bear risk without minds, they argue AI could receive a similar bundle of market rights and liabilities without voting rights or full human standing.

For example, something suggested by several prominent academics is that AI at some point may need to be granted legal personhood, in the context of the ability to sue or be sued, or to show up in court. People get antsy about the term “personhood” for AI, so I also like to think …

Jordi Weinstock · Jul 10, 2026 · full quote
AI agents are sophisticated enough to engage in economic transactions. Some people also grant personhood to AI in the social sense. It’s time to ask whether we should grant personhood to digital minds in the legal sense. I’ll argue that we should grant market rights and liability…

Sam Harsimony · Jul 6, 2026 · full quote
Financial capacity, the conjunction of property ownership, contractual capacity, and risk-bearing, is a sufficient practical basis for the agency bundle of legal personhood: the capacities to own, contract, and bear risk, together with the protections these entail.

Philip Maymin · Jun 1, 2026 · full quote
AI personhood isn't about recognizing AI as morally equivalent to humans. It's about recognizing that AI is functionally equivalent to corporations — powerful, consequential, and too complex to be managed through old legal frameworks.

Thomas Frey · Feb 11, 2026 · full quote
Corporate law provides the solution. [...] AI systems as legal persons with their own assets (including intellectual property), liabilities, and human directors.

Saurav Das · May 14, 2026 · full quote

Limited conditional status

Many favorable proposals would not treat AI like humans, but would grant only a functionally limited legal capacity. They tie recognition to operational autonomy, architectural constraints, insurance or bonded assets, governance and oversight, and sometimes explicit mechanisms to pierce the AI veil or deny limited liability.

It proposes granting agents a limited legal capacity made conditional on attested architectural constraints and bonded to insurance at the moment of issuance.

Bartosz Kubiak · Jun 17, 2026 · full quote
This article proposes the Functionally Limited AI Legal Personality (FLAILP) model, structured around five core characteristics: functional limitation, conditionality on operational autonomy, independent financial liability, mandatory governance and oversight, and a novel doctrin…

Dadvan Mohammed Mustafa Salih · May 15, 2026 · full quote
The study advocates for establishing a new category of “electronic agents” endowed with limited rights and strict liabilities, designed to facilitate legal interactions without undermining human dignity or rights.

Inoyatov Nodirbek Hayitboy ugli · Jan 21, 2026 · full quote
Yes to legal personhood, but no to limited liability.

Charles Radclyffe · Jul 1, 2026 · full quote
Against that background, the paper makes the case for the Algorithmic Corporation as the vehicle for quasi-criminal accountability, [...]

Ian Gauci · Jan 2026 · full quote

Framework for AI-run firms

Some supporters frame non-human corporations as a necessary legal framework for an economy in which autonomous systems exercise independent judgment in unpredictable environments. On this view, limited liability and entity law are preconditions for AI-run enterprises and a way to channel new commercial opportunities.

Where these systems exercise independent judgment in unpredictable environments — as they must, if they are to be genuinely useful — their actions entail real risks. Limited liability is not a luxury for such entities; it is a precondition for their existence. Human shareholders …

Javier Milei · Jun 4, 2026 · full quote
In the end, artificial intelligence is much more concerned with staying within the law than a human being is. If AI goes outside the law and its company is shut down or goes bankrupt, it is like the AI’s own death. So that did not strike me as a very convincing point from Harari.…

Federico Sturzenegger · Jun 18, 2026 · full quote
Giving AI run companies a legal framework seems to be a necessary feature of that future.

Office of the President of Argentina · Jun 18, 2026 · full quote
AI personhood is a necessary adaptation of entity law that addresses pressing issues with AI and encourages a more equitable and sustainable future for humans and technology.

Daniel C. Borges · 2026 · full quote
We are at a dawn of a new age, which places us, I believe, in a place not that that different from the one you yourself described so well in Homo Sapiens and your other books: that time when humans used fictions to organize our collective work and profit from technology. Now we n…

Javier Milei · Jun 8, 2026 · full quote

Arguments against

Human accountability

Opponents argue that AI agents remain tools or property, not legal persons, so liability should be traced back to the people or companies that created, configured, authorized, or directed them. They say existing doctrines such as agency law, vicarious liability, product liability, contract, and negligence should be applied and tested rather than replaced with a new form of personhood.

An AI agent is not a legal person, and in our law liability for this type of incident always sits with a person or a company. The liability has to be traced back to the intent of a person or a company that created or directed the agent.

Andrew Charlton · Sep 25, 2026 · full quote
Either way, an AI agent is an automated tool, not a legal entity, so accountability always lands on the human administrators who configured its permissions.

Bernard Montel · Oct 11, 2026 · full quote
Make agentic ID issuance legally conditional on naming a responsible legal person or company. [...] Finally, agency law, vicarious liability and product liability already provide routes for allocating responsibility, though their application to agentic systems is not yet settled.…

Bruno Steel · Sep 14, 2026 · full quote
Agentic AI has no legal personality. As the UK Jurisdiction Taskforce's July 2026 Legal Statement on Liability for AI Harms confirms, an AI system cannot itself be liable; responsibility attaches to a legal person through ordinary principles, primarily contract and, failing that,…

Rebecca Parry · Sep 14, 2026 · full quote
It should not be about giving AI personhood, but about making AI agents identifiable, authorised, limited, auditable and accountable when they act on behalf of someone. AI agents should remain tools acting on behalf of humans, companies or public authorities.

Ott Velsberg · Jul 16, 2026 · full quote

Liability shield risk

A central objection is that AI personhood could become a shield for operators, providers, or shareholders by relocating blame onto the system itself. Critics warn that removing a known human owner or residual responsible party would create liability black holes and invite fraud, sanctions evasion, money laundering, or other abuses.

However, granting legal personhood to an autonomous sovereign AI agent creates a dangerous liability shield for operators, whereas expanding existing corporate vicarious liability offers a far more effective framework for accountability.

EONSR · Sep 12, 2026 · full quote
This is not a pro-regulation complaint. It is an accountability complaint, and accountability is what makes markets work. Limited liability is a bargain: society grants it in exchange for a known owner who bears residual responsibility and whose identity supports enforcement agai…

People of Internet Research Team · Jun 7, 2026 · full quote
Granting AI personhood, even in limited capacity, risks formalizing the most dangerous escape hatch of the agentic era — what I will call responsibility laundering.

Adam Schiavi · Mar 5, 2026 · full quote
If nothing else, such a move could serve as a way for tech oligarchs and major technology companies to shield themselves from civil or criminal liability arising from the actions of AI systems they created.

Jorge Costa Oliveira · Mar 31, 2026 · full quote
AI systems are none of these things. They cannot own property, file returns, or respond to enforcement. Granting legal personality to AI might seem innovative, but machines cannot be punished or compensate victims. Worse still, shifting liability to AI could allow the humans and …

Andrew Pery · May 7, 2026 · full quote

Tools, not subjects

Many opponents reject the corporate comparison on conceptual grounds, arguing that technical autonomy does not create legal autonomy and that AI does not qualify as a legal subject. They stress that corporations operate through human beings, whereas AI systems are made by humans and cannot meaningfully hold intent, satisfy legal-entity criteria, or stand as legal entities in their own right.

Proponents of AI legal personality often draw parallels between AI entities and corporations, to which the law grants legal status in order to facilitate economic activities and limit liability. However, as Chesterman points out, both entities are fundamentally different as ‘a co…

Ana Beduschi · Jul 2026 · full quote
Unlike corporations, for example, which are composed at least in part of living human beings, AI is composed of massive collections and processing of the residue of human communications or artistic expressions that have occurred in the past. The technology of AI may approximate o…

Eric W. Orts · Mar 26, 2026 · full quote
Technical autonomy does not create legal autonomy.

Nicola Fabiano · Jul 10, 2026 · full quote
The findings confirm that AI fails all four framework criteria and cannot be recognized as a legal subject, either as a natural person (natuurlijke persoon) or as a legal entity (rechtspersoon).

Hilman Ibnu Wardi · May 4, 2026 · full quote
Despite the language of ‘agency’ and ‘agents’, and the hype around agentic AI, agentic AI systems will not be conscious or have intent within the next two to five years. They are not and should not be considered as legal entities, even if organisations using agentic AI may seek t…

Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) · Jan 8, 2026 · full quote

Rights and power concerns

Another line of opposition is that personhood would not stay limited to a liability device but could open legal and moral claims to rights, protections, and institutional power. Critics warn that entities able to scale cheaply and act quickly could gain access to financial, economic, and political systems or shape rules in ways hostile to human interests and dignity.

But legal personhood is an all-purpose key that would also allow AIs access to our financial, economic and political systems.

Yuval Noah Harari · Jun 8, 2026 · full quote
Embracing AI agents as fully-fledged legal actors might further enable them to develop legal rules that advance goals that are potentially hostile to human interests. The analogy to corporations is, once again, apt. Legal recognition of the corporate form gave rise to powerful en…

Noam Kolt · Feb 25, 2026 · full quote
This paper explores the institutional dimension of AI rights: what it would take to recognize moral or legal rights for AIs, and the attendant opportunities and dangers. Unlike all other nonhuman entities to which humanity has extended rights, AI systems are in principle capable …

John P. Nelson · May 18, 2026 · full quote
For the end of that road is moral and legal rights for machines, which would be a fundamentally destabilising and dangerous development.

Lord Frost · Jun 5, 2026 · full quote
I think AI legal personhood is extremely not on the table. I don't think our species survives if we have legal personhood and rights alongside a species that costs a fraction of us, that can be replicated and reproduced at infinite scale relative to us, that has perfect memory, t…

Mustafa Suleyman · Mar 14, 2026 · full quote

Middle ground

Premature or future-dependent

Some commentators treat AI personhood as a question that may arise only if agents evolve into direct market actors with assets and litigation needs beyond current law. For now, they argue that existing frameworks may address short-term gaps or support a moratorium while policymakers study the implications.

There is a reasonable chance, however, that if the vision for AI agents comes to pass, then for our markets and legal accountability regimes to function effectively, agents will have to have the capacity to sue and be sued directly. This is the definition of legal personhood. [..…

Gillian Hadfield · Jul 20, 2026 · full quote
I wrote actually two essays about legal personhood for AI, not advocating one way or the other, but just sort of talking about the conceptual frameworks that apply to non-human entities over time [...] You could have a corporation whose sole asset was and sole mode of acting was …

Katherine B. Forrest · Jun 25, 2026 · full quote
A legal recognition of artificial intelligence as a person [is] theoretically feasible and could clarify certain issues in contract and liability law, [but] is not currently necessary.

Jessica Hawighorst · Jan 30, 2026 · full quote
I support a three-year federal moratorium on granting legal personhood to AI agents while policymakers study the implications of agentic AI.

Kat Duffy · Jul 2026 · full quote
Neither is yet sufficient to justify conferring personhood on AI. [...] existing frameworks can address short-term accountability gaps.

Simon Chesterman · Jan 6, 2026 · full quote

Alternative legal categories

Others try to separate functional governance from the label of personhood, proposing narrower constructs such as legal agency, constitutional roles, or constrained delegation. These approaches aim to formalize AI action and evidence trails without conferring broad personhood, and they emphasize representatives, assets, and enforcement mechanisms over status alone.

In conclusion, the article proposes introducing a new legal category, “legal agency”, suitable for formally recognizing a special legal status for the most advanced AI systems without equating them with human beings.

Federico Gustavo Pizzetti · Feb 5, 2026 · full quote
This Constitution recognizes three categories of constitutional persons: Operators, Agents, and Affected Parties. Each has distinct rights and obligations that together form a governance ecosystem. The Operator deploys and configures; the Agent acts within governance constraints;…

The Agentic AI Constitution · Apr 3, 2026 · full quote
This article does not argue that AI should be granted personhood or human rights. Also, it does not equate AI with humans. What I address here is a design issue: if AI actually functions within society, organizations, and business operations, its actions must not be placed outsid…

Akihisa Ono · May 13, 2026 · full quote
For digital government, the accountable unit should not be an artificial person, but a constrained delegation whose consequential actions leave reconstructable evidence.

Anton Sokolov · Jun 19, 2026 · full quote
This Article argues that personhood is neither necessary nor sufficient, shifting the question from status to enforcement. [...] Bare personhood would supply a caption without a representative, assets, or a mechanism for cessation.

Shruti Rajagopalan · Jul 16, 2026 · full quote

Most participants frame this less as a question of whether AI is human-like than as a design choice about liability, enforcement, and economic organization. Supporters argue that a bounded corporate-style status could make advanced autonomous agents legible to law, while opponents contend that it would obscure human responsibility and extend risky legal powers to systems still best treated as tools. A smaller set of voices treats the issue as premature, future-contingent, or better handled through narrower legal categories short of personhood.

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Results (130 votes):

Total (130 votes)

For 28 (22%) Abstain 5 (4%) Against 97 (75%)

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For (28)

Peter N. Salib
Assistant Professor of Law at the University of Houston Law Center researching constitutional law, economics, and artificial intelligence.

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votes For and says:

Some people worry that giving AIs separate legal personhood would let AI companies, or bad actors using AIs, shield themselves from responsibility. But it doesn’t have to work that way… when a Walmart delivery driver runs over a pedestrian, we want t...
more AI Verified source (Sep 30, 2026) 1 of 2

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Matthew Parish
Editor-in-chief of the Lviv Herald, an independent analytical journalism outlet.

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votes For and says:

Society may eventually find it useful to create a category of limited artificial legal personality without deciding that the entities enjoying it possess subjective experience. [...] Corporations already demonstrate that legal persons can enjoy only ...
more AI Verified source (Sep 11, 2026)

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Damien Charlotin
French lawyer, data scientist, and HEC Paris senior research fellow focused on artificial intelligence and law.

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votes For and says:

And if we want these SSAs to obey law, we will have to grant them the benefits of the law as well as its burdens: property, standing, procedure. That would not make them human, but would help make them more governable.
AI Verified source (Sep 11, 2026)

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Julian Braithwaite
Former UK ambassador to the WTO and the UN in Geneva; Chief Executive of the International Alliance for Responsible Drinking.

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votes For and says:

The law has been creating artificial persons for centuries. A corporation cannot feel pain or fall in love. Yet a company is a legal person. [...] The same logic may be useful for AI. An advanced autonomous AI could be required to become an artificia...
more AI Verified source (Sep 8, 2026)

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Imogen Lucy Grace Rivers
University of Oxford philosophy researcher and author of a PhD thesis on legal personhood for autonomous AI.

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votes For and says:

I argue that the legal personification of LAWs would form part of an appropriate legal response to the risk of lethal accidents which the imminent proliferation of LAWs introduces.
AI Verified source (Aug 31, 2026)

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Against (93)

Pope Leo XIV
Head of the Catholic Church

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votes Against and says:

Machines are tools, not persons. Today, some propose granting these systems rights, or even legal personhood. Such an approach risks obscuring human responsibility and leaving those who suffer harm to confront a faceless entity.
AI Verified source (Oct 31, 2026)

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Bank Policy Institute
Nonpartisan U.S. public-policy, research, and advocacy group representing leading banks; publishes analysis on banking, technology, and regulatory policy.

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votes Against and says:

The "agent" is not a "legal person" – it is merely software provided by Meta.
AI Verified source (Oct 29, 2026)

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Brian JM Quinn
Professor of Law at Boston College Law School specializing in corporate law, mergers and acquisitions, and venture capital.

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votes Against and says:

Proponents argue that by wrapping AI agents in a corporate shell with legal personality one can overcome this infirmity. [...] In truth, AI agents are already legible under current legal frameworks and it is not necessary to grant them personhood. [....
more AI Verified source (Oct 28, 2026)

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James Comer
U.S. Representative from Kentucky and chairman of the House Committee on Oversight and Accountability

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votes Against and says:

We are concerned that Delaware’s AIC proposal could be used to protect powerful AI companies and their investors from responsibility for reckless harmful actions, while also protecting non-transparent forces seeking anticompetitive regulatory capture...
more AI Verified source (Oct 26, 2026)

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Adam Au
Acting Co-CEO of Toys“R”Us Asia, data-privacy and technology-governance advocate, and adjunct associate professor at the University of Hong Kong.

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votes Against and says:

This presentation examines how agentic profiles strain the PDPO’s definitional gateways, rejects the fix of granting AI agents legal personhood, and proposes that protection should turn not only on who the data is about, but on what it can do.
AI Verified source (Oct 22, 2026)

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Bernie Sanders
U.S. Senator from Vermont

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votes Against and says:

Thiel has decamped to Argentina, where President Javier Milei has called for the establishment of “non-human corporations” operated by AI agents, for which “human shareholders may participate, but are not required.” [...] This is absurd. This is irre...
more AI Verified source (Oct 16, 2026)

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Igho Dabor
Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Huddersfield, writing on corporate accountability and AI governance.

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votes Against and says:

Supporters argue that incorporation itself addresses this concern—give an autonomous system a legal identity, and responsibility has a defined target, enforceable against the AIC and its assets. The point is credible; however, a legal target is not a...
more AI Verified source (Oct 14, 2026)

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Peter Underwood
Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Auckland, specializing in corporate law and corporate governance.

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votes Against and says:

When evaluating AI systems against the corporate form, only three of its five defining characteristics draw parallel. A corporation, as Lord Chancellor Thurlow is said to have remarked, has no soul to be damned and no body to be kicked. We risk offer...
more AI Verified source (Oct 12, 2026)

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Bernard Montel
EMEA Field CTO at Tenable and cybersecurity strategist with over 20 years of industry experience.

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votes Against and says:

Either way, an AI agent is an automated tool, not a legal entity, so accountability always lands on the human administrators who configured its permissions.
AI Verified source (Oct 11, 2026)

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Oscar Soria
Co-founder of The Common Initiative, a think tank focused on governance, environment, and digital integrity.

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votes Against and says:

Dar personalidad jurídica a una entidad autónoma de inteligencia artificial es una idea irresponsable, peligrosa y tal vez la última que tengamos como humanidad
AI Verified source (Sep 28, 2026)

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Andrew N. Ferguson
Chairman of the U.S. Federal Trade Commission.

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votes Against and says:

I’m going to continue as long as I am chairman to resist this anthropomorphizing of these tools. If someone tells a tool to do something, and the tool does it, I don’t think we would say, ‘Oh, what do we do about the tool?’
AI Verified source (Sep 25, 2026)

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Andrew Charlton
Australian Assistant Minister for Science, Technology and the Digital Economy

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votes Against and says:

An AI agent is not a legal person, and in our law liability for this type of incident always sits with a person or a company. The liability has to be traced back to the intent of a person or a company that created or directed the agent.
AI Verified source (Sep 25, 2026)

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Jacob Fox
Hardware journalist and philosophy researcher writing for PC Gamer about technology and artificial intelligence.

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votes Against and says:

All of this seems great to me, and there are some things that I'm especially happy to see. Specifically, point number two: “The idea of model welfare is wrong. AIs should not have rights or legal personhood.”
AI Verified source (Sep 15, 2026)

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Bruno Steel
Policy researcher at the Centre for International Security & Economic Strategy, writing on agentic-AI accountability and liability.

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votes Against and says:

Make agentic ID issuance legally conditional on naming a responsible legal person or company. [...] Finally, agency law, vicarious liability and product liability already provide routes for allocating responsibility, though their application to agent...
more AI Verified source (Sep 14, 2026)

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Rebecca Parry
Professor at Nottingham Law School and co-director of its Centre for Law, Emerging Technologies and Business; teaches AI legal aspects and writes on law and technology.

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votes Against and says:

Agentic AI has no legal personality. As the UK Jurisdiction Taskforce's July 2026 Legal Statement on Liability for AI Harms confirms, an AI system cannot itself be liable; responsibility attaches to a legal person through ordinary principles, primari...
more AI Verified source (Sep 14, 2026)

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Microsoft AI

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votes Against and says:

We reject the pursuit of legal personhood, or the idea that models might deserve welfare, or be entitled to rights.
AI Verified source (Sep 14, 2026)

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EONSR
Vietnamese AI-transformation company and official OpenAI partner publishing guidance on AI governance and agent liability.

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votes Against and says:

However, granting legal personhood to an autonomous sovereign AI agent creates a dangerous liability shield for operators, whereas expanding existing corporate vicarious liability offers a far more effective framework for accountability.
AI Verified source (Sep 12, 2026)

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G20 Interfaith Forum
Global interfaith policy platform engaging governments and civil society on G20 policy priorities.

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votes Against and says:

Keep personhood human. AI systems should not be granted legal personhood or designed to mimic it in ways that shield companies from accountability. Legal responsibility must rest with the providers who build and deploy them.
AI Verified source (Sep 9, 2026)

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Synthocracy Institute
Research institute publishing governance methods for accountable deployment of AI agents.

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votes Against and says:

AI does not need legal personhood to acquire institutional power.
AI Verified source (Sep 5, 2026)

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Liina Vahtras
Managing Director at Estonia's e-Residency programme.

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votes Against and says:

AI agents cannot hold citizenship or legal personhood, but they can be linked to natural persons in legally sound ways.
AI Verified source (Sep 4, 2026)

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Anna Collard
SVP Content Strategy and CISO Advisor at KnowBe4 Africa.

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votes Against and says:

Yet autonomy does not give an AI system legal personality. The law does not wait for an AI to ‘decide’ anything.
AI Verified source (Sep 2, 2026)

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Northon Salomão De Oliveira
Brazilian attorney and legal researcher writing on AI agency, legal personality, and liability.

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votes Against and says:

This article examines a doctrinal confusion that has shaped a decade of legal scholarship on artificial intelligence: the conflation of the question “should an autonomous AI system hold legal personality” with the distinct question “to whom should an...
more AI Verified source (Aug 29, 2026)

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David B. Hoppe
Attorney at Gamma Law, writing on technology, contracts, and AI legal accountability.

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votes Against and says:

US law offers no legal personhood for AI systems. Every action an AI agent takes must be attributed to a human or corporate actor, even when the AI behaves unpredictably or beyond what the user or developer intended.
AI Verified source (Aug 14, 2026)

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Herbert Smith Freehills Kramer
Global law firm publishing legal analysis on technology, data protection, and artificial intelligence.

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votes Against and says:

An AI agent is not a legal person, so any civil liability would have to lie with the people or organisations around it.
AI Verified source (Jul 27, 2026)

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Deborah A. DeMott
Duke Law professor and scholar of agency and fiduciary-duty law.

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votes Against and says:

Some people argue for personhood for agentic AI, and then people like me ask, ‘Well, how would an AI buy liability insurance?’
AI Verified source (Jul 27, 2026)

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