Mandate disclosure of AI-generated political advertising

digital-democracy disinformation policy transparency voting-systems ai-governance ai-regulation

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Arguments for

Right to know

Supporters say voters and viewers deserve to know whether political content was created by a human or generated or altered by AI. Clear labels are presented as a way to help people verify authenticity and distinguish fact from fabrication.

Americans deserve to know if what they’re seeing, reading, or hearing was made by a machine. This is a commonsense, bipartisan fix — we’re simply requiring that AI content come with a built-in label, so platforms, journalists, and everyday people can tell fact from fabrication. G…

Josh Gottheimer · Jul 1, 2026 · full quote
As artificial intelligence becomes more sophisticated, identifying what’s real and what’s artificially generated has become a real challenge. The Spot the Fakes Act will bring much-needed transparency by ensuring AI-generated content can be clearly labeled, giving Americans the t…

Tom Kean Jr. · Jul 1, 2026 · full quote
Voters deserve to know that what they’re seeing is real. That’s why the Legislature continues to strengthen our election infrastructure, and why we’re focused today on setting clear standards for the use of AI in election materials so we can guard against deceptive or misleading …

Daniel Hunt · Feb 11, 2026 · full quote
Voters deserve to know when images and videos that they are viewing have been manipulated by artificial intelligence. Clear disclosure of the use of AI tools can help protect our elections from misinformation and misrepresentation. Transparency and truth in political advertising …

Lindsey Williams · 2026 · full quote
It's artificial intelligence. Are you using a computer to alter the image, to generate an image? We just want voters to know that if they receive campaign material, they see campaign material, they hear campaign material, and it incorporates AI, that they know that it's AI. [...…

Cisco Aguilar · 2025 · full quote

Protect elections and trust

Proponents argue that deepfakes and other synthetic political media can deceive voters, suppress turnout, and undermine confidence in elections and public trust. They frame disclosure as a safeguard against manipulation, misinformation, and misleading campaign material.

Deepfakes and AI-generated audio and visual content poses major risks to consumers, our elections, and public trust. Clear labeling and transparency of this content must be required so Americans can distinguish what images, audio, and videos are artificially generated,

Valerie Foushee · Apr 24, 2026 · full quote
The use of AI-generated content in political ads also creates a potential for providing deceptive information to voters, in particular, the use of 'deep fakes' – altered images, videos, or audio recordings that depict people doing or saying things that [they] did not actually do …

Jessica Rosenworcel · full quote
I write with concerns about your current identification and disclosure policies for content generated by artificial intelligence (AI). Americans should know when images or videos are the product of generative AI models, and platforms and developers have a responsibility to label …

Michael Bennet · 2023 · full quote
The use of AI-generated deepfakes for the purposes of manipulating voters and disrupting elections is an attack on democracy.

Tricia Farley-Bouvier · Feb 11, 2026 · full quote
Maine voters deserve to know what’s real and what isn’t. Using artificial intelligence in political ads deliberately deceives voters and intentionally creates distrust in our elections. Requiring campaigns to disclose when something isn’t real will help increase transparency for …

Amy Kuhn · Feb 2, 2026 · full quote
We are living in the Wild West era of AI practices in political campaigns. As AI gets more advanced and deeply integrated into our daily lives, it’s becoming increasingly difficult to separate fact from fiction. Without clear guardrails, bad actors will exploit this technology to…

Tiffany Muller · 2025 · full quote

Disclosure not prohibition

Several supporters emphasize that the aim is not to ban AI in campaigning, since AI use is not inherently good or bad, but to require honesty about its use. In their view, disclosure lets voters make their own judgments and is a more proportionate response than broader prohibitions or criminalization.

The proposal does not prohibit the use of synthetic media and deceptive deepfakes in electioneering communications, but instead requires reasonable disclosure to voters.

Craig Holman · Feb 2, 2026 · full quote
“The use of AI to create a political ad is not inherently good or bad. Generative AI could be used to create a clever animation to illustrate a candidate’s views, or it could be used to create a realistic-looking video clip that makes it look like their opponent said something th…

Mark Spreitzer · 2024 · full quote
The Opposition also think that the accountability in new clause 18 is very sensible. If we use AI, we should be honest about it—it is as simple as that.

Paul Holmes · Apr 14, 2026 · full quote
Trying to criminalise some of those things would be a dangerous path to go down, but clear labelling—transparency of source—is absolutely key.

Chris Morris · Mar 18, 2026 · full quote
Our bill only requires a disclaimer when political ads use AI in a significant way – something [...] we can all agree we’d like to know.

Lisa Murkowski · 2024 · full quote

Enforceable labeling systems

Some advocates say disclosure rules should be backed by concrete implementation measures such as watermarking, provenance and origin information, platform-level interventions, recordkeeping, anti-circumvention rules, and clear ad disclosures. They argue that labeling is strongest when it is technically supported and enforceable.

Staff proposes adoption of Regulation 18450.12 to add language clarifying the circumstances under which disclosure is required in campaign advisements that have been created or modified using AI, as well as amendments to Regulation 18401 to make explicit that recordkeeping requir…

Fair Political Practices Commission · May 14, 2026 · full quote
The most dangerous content, deepfakes during elections or manipulated images of public figures, synthetic disinformation, needs mandatory watermarking and fact-checking, not voluntary best practice.

Deborah Bergamini · Jun 24, 2026 · full quote
Political parties, candidates and campaign representatives are required to ensure that any synthetically generated or AI-altered content used for campaigning is clearly labelled as “AI-Generated”, “Digitally Enhanced” or “Synthetic Content”, along with disclosure of the originati…

Election Commission of India · Apr 19, 2026 · full quote
Jurisdictions around the globe are moving to adopt common-sense rules around labeling AI-generated content – it’s time for the U.S. to catch up and in fact lead the world with a disclosure and anti-circumvention model that should be the global standard

Mark Warner · Jun 25, 2026 · full quote
It proposes a hybrid approach that combines enforceable AI-content labeling with platform-level interventions to inform voters in real time that messages were created or edited with AI-supported tools.

Courtney Barclay · Jan 8, 2026 · full quote
If a Political Advertisement contains an image, video, or audio content that was substantially produced by generative artificial intelligence, the Political Advertisement must display, in legible writing, a disclosure stating “This content generated by AI”; “This video generated …

OpenX · May 4, 2026 · full quote

Arguments against

Government speech regulation

Critics argue that disclosure mandates in political advertising expand the government's role in regulating political speech. They contend that a more false or deceptive media environment is not the government's job to fix, and that people rather than government should judge how AI is used in political advocacy.

Overall, the push toward protecting the public from exposure to deepfakes in political advertising through greater transparency is well meaning, but also a concerning expansion of the government’s role in regulating political speech.

Chris McIsaac · Feb 17, 2026 · full quote
A media environment with more false and deceptive information is not a good thing for our society, but it is not the government's job to fix it. [...] Let's trust the American people, not the government, to decide for themselves how AI should be used in political advertising and …

David Inserra · 2026 · full quote
Requiring disclosures will discourage innovative and empowering uses of artificial intelligence, chilling campaigns and grassroots organizations from employing technological advances to their benefit.

Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression · 2024 · full quote

Chilling useful AI

Opponents note that AI in election advertising can also be beneficial and non-manipulative, such as helping translate ads or add subtitles. They warn that mandated disclosures could discourage innovative and empowering uses of these tools by campaigns and grassroots organizations.

It should be emphasized that not all uses of AI in election advertisements should be presumed to be manipulative or fraudulent. In fact, even when it comes to election advertising, there are beneficial and non-manipulative uses of technologies like AI. For example, AI could be us…

Jennifer Huddleston · 2023 · full quote
Requiring disclosures will discourage innovative and empowering uses of artificial intelligence, chilling campaigns and grassroots organizations from employing technological advances to their benefit.

Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression · 2024 · full quote

Unworkable or unauthorized

Another line of opposition questions whether current proposals are workable, proportionate, legally authorized, or even necessary. On this view, supporting transparency in principle does not justify rules that may exceed statutory authority or impose regulation before the problem is clearly shown to require it.

Although we share the intention to strengthen transparency in digital campaigning, the Government do not believe that the new clause is currently workable or proportionate.

Samantha Dixon · Apr 14, 2026 · full quote
First, the Commission lacks statutory authority to require disclosure or disclaimers on political advertisements that utilize “artificial intelligence.”

Bradley A. Smith · 2024 · full quote
For these reasons, the AAPC strongly opposes the FCC’s proposed rule on the disclosure of AI-generated content in political advertisements.

American Association of Political Consultants · 2024 · full quote
We should ask ourselves an important question: does the problem require government regulation?

Jennifer Poirier · Mar 10, 2026 · full quote

Middle ground

Targeted, careful rules

Some participants support clear labeling of AI-generated political material when AI is used in a significant way, but only through sensible, proportionate requirements developed carefully and in consultation. Others say they share the transparency goal yet oppose a particular proposal because they do not see it as currently workable or proportionate.

We would support and are happy to engage with sensible, proportionate measures to ensure that AI-generated political material is clearly labelled and subject to transparency as a requirement, but that work should be done carefully and in consultation.

James Cleverly · Mar 2, 2026 · full quote
Our bill only requires a disclaimer when political ads use AI in a significant way – something [...] we can all agree we’d like to know.

Lisa Murkowski · 2024 · full quote
Although we share the intention to strengthen transparency in digital campaigning, the Government do not believe that the new clause is currently workable or proportionate.

Samantha Dixon · Apr 14, 2026 · full quote
“The use of AI to create a political ad is not inherently good or bad. Generative AI could be used to create a clever animation to illustrate a candidate’s views, or it could be used to create a realistic-looking video clip that makes it look like their opponent said something th…

Mark Spreitzer · 2024 · full quote

Insights

Many supportive quotes describe disclosure as transparency rather than a ban, emphasizing that voters should decide for themselves once they know AI was used.
Opposing quotes mostly challenge government involvement, legal authority, workability, or chilling effects, rather than arguing that deceptive deepfakes are harmless.
Several supporters want more than a disclaimer alone, pairing labels with provenance, watermarking, origin disclosure, recordkeeping, platform duties, or penalties.
The supportive quotes come from a wide mix of actors in the provided bios, including legislators, election regulators, tech companies, ad-tech firms, and advocacy or professional organizations.
A recurring fault line is scope: some quotes back disclosure for significant or deceptive AI uses in political ads, while critics stress that some AI uses in campaigns are beneficial and non-manipulative.

Across the quotes, the main case for mandatory disclosure is that AI-generated political ads can be hard to distinguish from authentic material and can distort voter understanding, so labeling is needed to preserve transparency and trust. The main resistance is not to transparency as an aspiration but to government-compelled speech rules that critics see as overbroad, chilling, unworkable, or beyond current legal authority. Much of the remaining debate turns on design questions such as scope, thresholds for significant AI use, and the enforcement tools that should accompany labels.

Cast your vote:

Results (66 votes):

Total (66 votes)

For 58 (88%) Abstain 0 (0%) Against 8 (12%)

For (58)

Mandie Landry
Louisiana state representative and primary sponsor of the 2026 AI-in-political-campaigns law.

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votes For and says:

If you are able to prove that I did an AI video of you robbing a bank when you were running for office, and I didn’t have a disclosure, I could be fined and face up to two years in jail.
AI Verified source (Jul 13, 2026)

added 1d ago

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Keerat Sharma
Vice President and General Manager for Ads Privacy and Safety at Google.

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votes For and says:

And in 2023, we introduced a requirement to disclose synthetic or digitally altered content in election ads.
AI Verified source (Jul 9, 2026)

added 24d ago

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Henna Virkkunen
EU Technology Commissioner

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votes For and says:

Together, we can strengthen trust by ensuring that AI-generated content, including deepfakes and AI-generated texts on matters of public interest, is clearly identified and appropriately labelled.
AI Verified source (Jul 2026)

added 2d ago

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Sam Liccardo
U.S. Representative from California's 16th congressional district.

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votes For and says:

The Spot the Fakes Act provides an essential tool in a much larger toolbox that we will need to empower American consumers to distinguish fact from AI fiction.
AI Verified source (Jul 1, 2026)

added 22d ago

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Josh Gottheimer
U.S. Representative from New Jersey

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votes For and says:

Americans deserve to know if what they’re seeing, reading, or hearing was made by a machine. This is a commonsense, bipartisan fix — we’re simply requiring that AI content come with a built-in label, so platforms, journalists, and everyday people can...
more AI Verified source (Jul 1, 2026)

added 1mo ago

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Tom Kean Jr.
U.S. Representative from New Jersey.

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votes For and says:

As artificial intelligence becomes more sophisticated, identifying what’s real and what’s artificially generated has become a real challenge. The Spot the Fakes Act will bring much-needed transparency by ensuring AI-generated content can be clearly l...
more AI Verified source (Jul 1, 2026)

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Delegate
Valerie Foushee
U.S. Representative for North Carolina's 4th congressional district; sponsor of the Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act

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votes For and says:

Artificial intelligence is moving quickly, and Congress has a responsibility to meet this moment. My Protecting Consumers From Deceptive AI Act will help protect creators and creative work and ensure Americans know when they are viewing or interactin...
more AI Verified source (Jun 26, 2026) 1 of 2

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John Curtis
U.S. Senator from Utah; former U.S. Representative; member of the Senate Commerce Committee

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votes For and says:

As AI-generated content becomes more refined and realistic, people deserve to know whether what they’re seeing is created by a human or generated by artificial intelligence.
AI Verified source (Jun 25, 2026)

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Mark Warner
U.S. Senator from Virginia; former Governor of Virginia; Vice Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee

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votes For and says:

Jurisdictions around the globe are moving to adopt common-sense rules around labeling AI-generated content – it’s time for the U.S. to catch up and in fact lead the world with a disclosure and anti-circumvention model that should be the global standa...
more AI Verified source (Jun 25, 2026)

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Brian Schatz
U.S. Senator (D–Hawaii)

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votes For and says:

People deserve to know whether the videos, photos, and content they see and read online are real or not. Our bill is simple – if any digital content is made by AI, it should be labeled so that people are aware and aren’t fooled or scammed.
AI Verified source (Jun 25, 2026)

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Deborah Bergamini
Italian parliamentarian and rapporteur at the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe on protecting democracy from disruptions caused by artificial intelligence.

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votes For and says:

The most dangerous content, deepfakes during elections or manipulated images of public figures, synthetic disinformation, needs mandatory watermarking and fact-checking, not voluntary best practice.
AI Verified source (Jun 24, 2026)

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European Commission
EU's executive body

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votes For and says:

Deepfakes and AI-generated or AI-manipulated text published on matters of public interest must be clearly labelled.
AI Verified source (Jun 10, 2026)

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OpenAI
AI research organization

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votes For and says:

We support strong protections against image-based sexual abuse, including efforts to criminalize the distribution of synthetic non-consensual intimate imagery and strengthen remedies for victims. We also support election integrity protections related...
more AI Verified source (Jun 3, 2026)

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Fair Political Practices Commission
California state agency that administers and enforces campaign finance, lobbying, and political ethics laws.

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votes For and says:

Staff proposes adoption of Regulation 18450.12 to add language clarifying the circumstances under which disclosure is required in campaign advisements that have been created or modified using AI, as well as amendments to Regulation 18401 to make expl...
more AI Verified source (May 14, 2026)

added 22d ago

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OpenX
Digital advertising exchange and ad-tech company that publishes policies for political advertising.

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votes For and says:

If a Political Advertisement contains an image, video, or audio content that was substantially produced by generative artificial intelligence, the Political Advertisement must display, in legible writing, a disclosure stating “This content generated ...
more AI Verified source (May 4, 2026)

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Cynthia Rudin
Duke professor, interpretable ML advocate

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votes For and says:

Generative AI can be used to create highly realistic content that is difficult or impossible to distinguish from authentic material, including deepfakes. We are not interested in being deceived, and we are not interested in our children being deceive...
more AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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Ashley Irwin
President of the Society of Composers and Lyricists.

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votes For and says:

A federal framework that requires disclosure of AI-generated audio content, backed by NIST technical standards and FTC enforcement, is an essential first step toward protecting the human creators whose work these systems are trained on and imitating....
more AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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Nils Smith
Vice President of IEEE-USA.

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votes For and says:

IEEE-USA welcomes this legislation which thoughtfully addresses the need to protect consumers from the possible negative aspects of generative AI, including how a combination of technical standards and requirements can inform how companies may disclo...
more AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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Adam Billen
Co-Executive Director of Encode AI.

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votes For and says:

We appreciate Rep. Foushee’s thoughtful bill to address the concerning and pervasive problem of AI deepfakes. The Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act would require clear labeling of AI-generated content so people can tell what’s real and what ...
more AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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Vered Horesh
Chief AI Strategy Officer at Bria.

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votes For and says:

Bria supports efforts to establish clear labeling standards and real accountability for generative AI outputs. The Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act addresses a basic but increasingly urgent need: businesses and consumers should be able to k...
more AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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Mary Rasenberger
Authors Guild CEO

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votes For and says:

The Authors Guild strongly supports Representative Foushee’s Protecting Consumers from Deceptive AI Act. While we’ve developed a Human Authored certification mark, clear labeling of AI-generated content is the more effective solution. This bill requi...
more AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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James Silverberg
Chief Executive Officer of the American Society for Collective Rights Licensing.

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votes For and says:

ASCRL believes the bill would give platforms an incentive to license visual author materials, possibly to avoid or to help them comply with the identification and provenance requirements. It is a helpful step towards the broader task of ensuring that...
more AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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Jace Johnson
Vice President of Global Public Policy at Adobe.

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votes For and says:

As longtime advocates for content provenance, Adobe supports this bill’s balanced approach that recognizes the shared responsibility of generative AI developers and digital platforms to provide people with meaningful context about the content they en...
more AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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James Moylan
U.S. House Delegate for Guam

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votes For and says:

Artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly, and while innovation brings tremendous opportunity, it also comes with real responsibility. Americans deserve transparency when AI-generated content is being used to influence, persuade, or deceive. This ...
more AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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Don Beyer
U.S. Representative from Virginia's 8th district; co-sponsor of the GUARDRAILS Act on AI

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votes For and says:

The rapid pace and scale at which AI-generated content is flooding social media, news feeds, and political advertising demands urgent transparency to protect American consumers.
AI Verified source (Apr 24, 2026)

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Election Commission of India
India’s election management body

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votes For and says:

Political parties, candidates and campaign representatives are required to ensure that any synthetically generated or AI-altered content used for campaigning is clearly labelled as “AI-Generated”, “Digitally Enhanced” or “Synthetic Content”, along wi...
more AI Verified source (Apr 19, 2026) 1 of 2

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Paul Holmes
Conservative Member of Parliament for Hamble Valley and Shadow Minister for Housing, Communities and Local Government.

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votes For and says:

The Opposition also think that the accountability in new clause 18 is very sensible. If we use AI, we should be honest about it—it is as simple as that.
AI Verified source (Apr 14, 2026)

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Mike Bayham
Louisiana State Representative, Republican of Chalmette.

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votes For and says:

I think people have the right to know if they’re getting a political phone call that is not the person on the line and it’s generated by AI.
AI Verified source (Apr 8, 2026)

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Chris Morris
Chief Executive of Full Fact, a UK fact-checking charity.

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votes For and says:

Trying to criminalise some of those things would be a dangerous path to go down, but clear labelling—transparency of source—is absolutely key.
AI Verified source (Mar 18, 2026)

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Abstain (0)

Against (8)

Samantha Dixon
Labour Member of Parliament for Chester North and Neston and Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government.

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votes Against and says:

Although we share the intention to strengthen transparency in digital campaigning, the Government do not believe that the new clause is currently workable or proportionate.
AI Verified source (Apr 14, 2026)

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